tr

Translate characters: run replacements based on single characters and character sets. More information: https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/html_node/tr-invocation.html.

• Replace all occurrences of a character in a file, and print the result:

tr find_character replace_character < path/to/file

• Replace all occurrences of a character from another command's output:

echo text | tr find_character replace_character

• Map each character of the first set to the corresponding character of the second set:

tr 'abcd' 'jkmn' < path/to/file

• Delete all occurrences of the specified set of characters from the input:

tr -d 'input_characters' < path/to/file

• Compress a series of identical characters to a single character:

tr -s 'input_characters' < path/to/file

• Translate the contents of a file to upper-case:

tr "[:lower:]" "[:upper:]" < path/to/file

• Strip out non-printable characters from a file:

tr -cd "[:print:]" < path/to/file